Note: This post is written in Urdu (Roman Script) and
English. Unless you understand Urdu/Hindi, you will not be able to read
or understand it. I will translate these later, though, since I have
quite a few American visitors I noticed.
Also if you haven't read the first three parts you can read them here: Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3.
Pehli blog post mai main nay pehlay scientific theory ka mutlub clear kiya tha aur yeh show kiya tha k scientific theory ka meaning 'theory' k aam meaning say mukhtalif hota hai. 2nd mai evolution k 3 basic concepts diye k evolution basically 'descent with modifications' hai aur yeh k evolution kayi levels pur hoti hai. Ek hi species ki population ki gene frequency main bi tabdeeli ati (microevolution). Aur common ancestors say new species k nikalnay ka process bi hota hai (macroevolution). Lastly yeh k tamam jan-daron ka ek hi common ancestor hai. 3rd mai main nay yeh bataya tha k evolution hoti kaisay hai: mutation, gene flow, genetic drift aur natural selection k zariye; aur un sub ki brief description di thi.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Natural Selection ko samajhnay k liye yeh chund batain samajhna zaruri hain:
1. Tamam jandaron k itnay offsprings paida hotay hain k woh sub k sub survive aur reproduce nahi kur suktay.
2. Tamam offsprings maan baap say bi aur ek dusray say bi mukhtalif hotay hain. Mutlub un main kuch characteristic different hotay hain.
3. Woh jo different characteristics hain un main say kuch un jan-daron ki environment k hisab say zyada suitable hon gay aur kuch kum. Jo zyada suitable characteristics walay jan-dar hon gay un k survive aur reproduce kurnay ka chance zyada hoga. Misal k taur pur jo choohay (rats) slow hon gay ya itnay chalak nahi hon gay woh zyada asani say billi k hath aa jayen gay. Mutlub yeh characteristics un choohon ki is environment k hisab say suitable nahi hain. Yad rahay k yeh nature aur environment hi determine kurti hai k kaun say characteristics suitable hain. Aur aisa bi hota hai k jo characteristics aj suitable hain woh kuch arsay bad suitable na rahain.
4. Akhri bat yeh k tamam jan-dar apnay characteristics agay apnay offspring ko transfer kurtay hain genes k zariye.
To mutlub yeh hai k 'nature' aisay individuals ko 'select' kurti jati hai jo us environment main 'survive' kurnay k k liye 'fittest' hotay hain--the survival of the fittest. Pechli post main hum nay dekha tha k is say gene frequency bi tabdeel hoti hai. Misal k taur pur nisbatan slow aur bewakuf choohay maray gaye. Jo zyada chalak aur taiz choohay thay un k bachay paida huay aur un ko apnay maan baap ki taizi aur chalaki mili. Gene frequency bi change ho gayi. Susti aur bewakufi walay kuch genes kum ho gaye population main thay. Aur yeh tabdeeli hur generation k sath ati rehti hai. Yahan tuk k kayi generations aur hazaron saalon bad gene frequency itni tabdeel hoti jati hai k species hi alag ho jati hain. Though species ka bunna itna simple nahi hota.
Is k sath hi evolution k sub say basic principles pur main nay likh diya hai. Mera muqsud sirf in sawalon k jawab dena tha k evolution hai kya, us k principles kya hain and how do they make sense genetically, scientifically and logicaly.
Evolution theory main overall kuch problems hain, kayi baton pur scientists agree nahi kurtay, kuch batain evolution sahi say explain nahi kurti laikin evolution ki buniyad kafi strong principles pur hai. Jin ki tardeed kurna, maujooda scientific knowledge k hisab say, mushkil hai. Pur science ki khoobsurati yeh hai k ager kabi proof mil gaya k evolution ka concept ghalat hai to sub change ho jaye ga. Its as simple as that. We can trust science on that, at least. Aisa nahi hoga k scientists kahain k hamaray nabi Darwin nay yeh kaha tha aur yeh khuda ki taraf say hai to yeh ghalat ho hi nahi sukta. Though kuch atheists ka attitude aisa hi hota hai pur science in general aisay kam nahi chulti. Ager aisa hota to scientists ab tuk is bat pur ludr rahay hotay k jub Janab-e-Hazrat Maulana Ishaq Newton Chishti Barelvi Suharwardi nay theory of gravitation aur laws of motion bata diye hain to Einstein kaisa fasiq aur kumbukht hai k woh theory of relativity say us ko ghalat prove kurnay ki koshish kur raha hai.
Kher, ager kisi nay meri ab tuk ki sari posts purhi hain. Links bi check kiye hain jo main nay un main post kiye, sirf thodray thodray check kiye hain to woh ab tuk evolution aur evolution say related zyada tur genetic aur dusri terms samajh chuka hoga.
To ager woh mazeed research kurna chahta hai to main nechay kuch links day raha hun jo faida mund hon gay:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_01
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution
http://www.evolution.mbdojo.com/evolution-for-beginners.html
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/selection/selection.html
http://animals.about.com/od/evolution/ss/evolution.htm
http://humanorigins.si.edu/resources/intro-human-evolution
Aj ki bat yahin khatam. Next post mai main is question pur likhun k evolution islam k khilaf hai ya nahi hai. Yeh jannay k liye k main next post kub kurta hun, you can subscribe by email (option can be found on the right) or follow the blog's page on facebook or my google+.
Also if you haven't read the first three parts you can read them here: Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3.
Pehli blog post mai main nay pehlay scientific theory ka mutlub clear kiya tha aur yeh show kiya tha k scientific theory ka meaning 'theory' k aam meaning say mukhtalif hota hai. 2nd mai evolution k 3 basic concepts diye k evolution basically 'descent with modifications' hai aur yeh k evolution kayi levels pur hoti hai. Ek hi species ki population ki gene frequency main bi tabdeeli ati (microevolution). Aur common ancestors say new species k nikalnay ka process bi hota hai (macroevolution). Lastly yeh k tamam jan-daron ka ek hi common ancestor hai. 3rd mai main nay yeh bataya tha k evolution hoti kaisay hai: mutation, gene flow, genetic drift aur natural selection k zariye; aur un sub ki brief description di thi.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Natural Selection ko samajhnay k liye yeh chund batain samajhna zaruri hain:
1. Tamam jandaron k itnay offsprings paida hotay hain k woh sub k sub survive aur reproduce nahi kur suktay.
2. Tamam offsprings maan baap say bi aur ek dusray say bi mukhtalif hotay hain. Mutlub un main kuch characteristic different hotay hain.
3. Woh jo different characteristics hain un main say kuch un jan-daron ki environment k hisab say zyada suitable hon gay aur kuch kum. Jo zyada suitable characteristics walay jan-dar hon gay un k survive aur reproduce kurnay ka chance zyada hoga. Misal k taur pur jo choohay (rats) slow hon gay ya itnay chalak nahi hon gay woh zyada asani say billi k hath aa jayen gay. Mutlub yeh characteristics un choohon ki is environment k hisab say suitable nahi hain. Yad rahay k yeh nature aur environment hi determine kurti hai k kaun say characteristics suitable hain. Aur aisa bi hota hai k jo characteristics aj suitable hain woh kuch arsay bad suitable na rahain.
4. Akhri bat yeh k tamam jan-dar apnay characteristics agay apnay offspring ko transfer kurtay hain genes k zariye.
To mutlub yeh hai k 'nature' aisay individuals ko 'select' kurti jati hai jo us environment main 'survive' kurnay k k liye 'fittest' hotay hain--the survival of the fittest. Pechli post main hum nay dekha tha k is say gene frequency bi tabdeel hoti hai. Misal k taur pur nisbatan slow aur bewakuf choohay maray gaye. Jo zyada chalak aur taiz choohay thay un k bachay paida huay aur un ko apnay maan baap ki taizi aur chalaki mili. Gene frequency bi change ho gayi. Susti aur bewakufi walay kuch genes kum ho gaye population main thay. Aur yeh tabdeeli hur generation k sath ati rehti hai. Yahan tuk k kayi generations aur hazaron saalon bad gene frequency itni tabdeel hoti jati hai k species hi alag ho jati hain. Though species ka bunna itna simple nahi hota.
Is k sath hi evolution k sub say basic principles pur main nay likh diya hai. Mera muqsud sirf in sawalon k jawab dena tha k evolution hai kya, us k principles kya hain and how do they make sense genetically, scientifically and logicaly.
Evolution theory main overall kuch problems hain, kayi baton pur scientists agree nahi kurtay, kuch batain evolution sahi say explain nahi kurti laikin evolution ki buniyad kafi strong principles pur hai. Jin ki tardeed kurna, maujooda scientific knowledge k hisab say, mushkil hai. Pur science ki khoobsurati yeh hai k ager kabi proof mil gaya k evolution ka concept ghalat hai to sub change ho jaye ga. Its as simple as that. We can trust science on that, at least. Aisa nahi hoga k scientists kahain k hamaray nabi Darwin nay yeh kaha tha aur yeh khuda ki taraf say hai to yeh ghalat ho hi nahi sukta. Though kuch atheists ka attitude aisa hi hota hai pur science in general aisay kam nahi chulti. Ager aisa hota to scientists ab tuk is bat pur ludr rahay hotay k jub Janab-e-Hazrat Maulana Ishaq Newton Chishti Barelvi Suharwardi nay theory of gravitation aur laws of motion bata diye hain to Einstein kaisa fasiq aur kumbukht hai k woh theory of relativity say us ko ghalat prove kurnay ki koshish kur raha hai.
Kher, ager kisi nay meri ab tuk ki sari posts purhi hain. Links bi check kiye hain jo main nay un main post kiye, sirf thodray thodray check kiye hain to woh ab tuk evolution aur evolution say related zyada tur genetic aur dusri terms samajh chuka hoga.
To ager woh mazeed research kurna chahta hai to main nechay kuch links day raha hun jo faida mund hon gay:
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_01
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution
http://www.evolution.mbdojo.com/evolution-for-beginners.html
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/selection/selection.html
http://animals.about.com/od/evolution/ss/evolution.htm
http://humanorigins.si.edu/resources/intro-human-evolution
Aj ki bat yahin khatam. Next post mai main is question pur likhun k evolution islam k khilaf hai ya nahi hai. Yeh jannay k liye k main next post kub kurta hun, you can subscribe by email (option can be found on the right) or follow the blog's page on facebook or my google+.
No comments:
Post a Comment