Irtiqa aur Islam-Part 5: Evolution pur Islam ka Nuqta-e-nazar-1

Note: This post is written in Urdu (Roman Script) and English. Unless you understand Urdu/Hindi, you will not be able to read or understand it. 

Also if you haven't read the first four parts you can read them here: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 and Part 4.

Is say pehlay k main aj k topic pur likhun main yeh mention kurna chahun ga k main is bat k liye qualified nahi hun k main Quran ki ayat ko samajh sakun ya interpret kur sakun. Isi liye though main apna opinion dun ga kahin na kahin pur zyada tur meri koshish sirf yehi hogi k main woh arguments samnay laun aur exactly wesay hi pesh karun jaisay evolution k supporters aur opponents unhain present kurtay hain.

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Evolution ka concept Muslims k liye kuch new nahi hai. Al-Jahiz (c. 776-869), ek Muslim scientist aur philosopher, apni kitab 'Kitab al-Hayawan' main chund lines likhin jo modern concept of 'Natural Selection' say milti julti hain. Un ki Urdu translation main nahi karun ga kyun k woh already Arabic say translated hain aur main nahi chahta k main mazeed translate kur k mutlub bigadr dun ghulti say.

“Animals engage in a struggle for existence; for resources, to avoid being eaten and to breed. Environmental factors influence organisms to develop new characteristics to ensure survival, thus transforming into new species. Animals that survive to breed can pass on their successful characteristics to offspring.”

Isi tarah Nasir al-Din al-Tusi nay apni kitab Akhlaq-i-Nasri main species ki evolution ki ek si basic theory pesh ki. Sub say mazedar bat yeh hai k shayad Muslims hi thay jinhon nay sub say pehlay apes (bandaron) say insan k descent ka zikar kiya. Ekhwan Alsfa (Brethren of Purity) jo 10th century k Basra main Muslim philosophers ki ek secret society thi, us ki kitab 'Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity' main evolution ka zikar kuch is tarah ka tha k woh modern evolution theory say milta julta mana jata hai aur insan k apes say descent ka bi zikar hai. Yahan tuk socha jata hai k shayad is kitab nay Darwin ki thought ko bi influence kiya tha. Ibn Khaldun nay apni kitab 'Muqaddimah' main bi kuch aisay views ka izhar kiya hai. Ibn Sin (Avicenna) say bi evolution say connected writings relate ki jati. Isi tarah farsi scholar, Ebn Meskavayh nay apni kitab al-Fawz al-Asghar main shayad sub say clearly evolution ka idea diya. Though phir bi yeh kehna k Muslims nay natural selection ka idea diya tha zara mubaligha arai hogi.

Yahan yeh sawal bi zehen main ata hai k ager aisa hai k Muslims nay aisay concept pesh kiye thay to yeh logon main aam kyun nahi huay. Us ka jawab Ghaffar Hussain is article main deta hai jis k 2 main reason yeh hain:

1. Us daur main knowledge aisay phelayi nahi jati thi jaisay is daur main. Basra aur Qartaba (Cordoba) main centres hotay thay jahan scientists kam kurtay thay aur knowledge elite audience tuk hi mehdood rehti thi. Jub woh centres conquer aur tabah huay jaisay k mongols k hathon Baghdad, woh knowledge bi sath hi gum gaya.

2. Molvi hazraat us wuqt bi itnay hi chawal thay jitnay woh aj hain aur mazhabi knowledge k ilawa hur tarah k tareekon say knowledge hasil kurnay k khilaf thay aur Muslim leaders us wuqt bi political reason ki waja say un ka sath detay thay.

Ghaffar Hussain k mutabik isi waja say evolution ka concept aam nahi ho suka Muslim world main jub k molvi ideology phel gayi aur phir Christians ki dekha dekhi, molvion ki influence k asar Muslims world main bi evolution ki rejection phel gayi.

Jahan yeh bat such hai k over the time Muslims aalim-e-deen, scientists aur philosophers nay theory of evolution ko accept kiya hai wahan yeh bat bi such hai k bohat-son nay is ko reject bi kiya hai. Zyada tur scholars jo evolution ko reject kurtay hain un ka belief yeh k theory of evolution Quran ki tardeed kurti hai. Jo loge reject kurtay hain un main bi 2 tarah k groups hain.

1. Woh jo evolution ko outright reject kurtay hain k evolution ho hi nahi sukti aur khuda nay tamam jan-daron ko ek sath zameen samait bana diya. 

2. Dusray woh hain jo baki to hur qisam ki evolution ko accept kurtay hain aur mantay hain woh hui laikin woh insan ko ek exception k taur pur pesh kurtay hain k insan evolve nahi hua.

Evolution k woh mukhalifeen jo us ko totally reject kurtay hain un ka main argument 'Kun fayakun'  (Ho ja! Aur woh jata hai) pur based hai. Un ka kehna hai k is say andaza lagaya ja sukta hai k khuda jub koi cheez kurna chahta hai to woh kehta hai k ho ja aur woh ho jati hai fauri taur pur. Yeh nahi hota k us main 3.8 billion saal lagain gay.

Is bat ki tardeed kurnay k liye evolution k supporters ek Qurani ayat present kurtay hain jis main Jesus (P.B.U.H.) ki pedaish ka zikar hai.

“Allah k nazdeek Isa ki misal Adam ki si hai k Allah nay usay mitti say paida kiya aur aur hukam diya k ho ja aur woh ho gaya.” (Quran 3:59] Translation by Maulana Maudoodi in his Tafheem ul Quran.

Evolution k Muslim supporters ka kehna hai yeh thek hai k Allah jo chahta hai woh kur sukta hai pur yahan bi to Allah nay kaha k ho ja aur woh ho bi gaya laikin aisa to nahi hua k Hazrat Isa asman say tapak pudray. Unhon nay bakiada Mariam (A.S.) k pait main janam liya aur ek puray natural process say guzar kur paida huay. To 'kun fayakun' say yeh bilkul sabit nahi hota k Allah nay tamam jan-daron ko bagher kisi process k ek dum paida kur diya

Aj ki bat yahin khatam. 1,000 words k kareeb pohanch gaye. Next post mai main inhi sub k mazeed arguments likhun aur hopefully in series of posts ko khatam kur dun ga. Yeh jannay k liye k main next post kub kurta hun, you can subscribe by email (option can be found on the right) or follow the blog's page on facebook or my google+.